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How many common yarn dyeing methods are there?
1. Package Yarn Dyeing
Due to its small batch size of dyed yarn, high production efficiency and strong batch stability, it is especially suitable for large-scale production. Therefore, package yarn dyeing is currently the most widely used dyeing method in the textile industry.
Process Principle:
The yarn is evenly wound on a bobbin (or cone) with dense small holes to form a "loose package" with moderate density. Then a large number of packages are stacked on the stainless steel column of the dyeing vat and put into a high-temperature and high-pressure dyeing machine. Driven by the main pump, the dye liquor circulates and penetrates repeatedly from the inside to the outside or from the outside to the inside of the package, so that the dye is evenly adsorbed and fixed on the yarn fibers.
2. Hank Yarn Dyeing
Hank yarn dyeing is a traditional and fiber-friendly dyeing method, which is used for high-end natural fibers such as wool, cashmere, silk, cotton yarn and linen yarn. It is suitable for high-end products with strict requirements on color shade, can flexibly adjust the dyeing process, and is suitable for small-batch and multi-variety production.
Process Principle:
The yarn is wound into loose hanks, hung on a dyeing frame, and put into an open dyeing vat or a hank yarn dyeing machine. The dye liquor flows freely in the dyeing vat, fully contacts with the yarn, and achieves uniform coloring through stirring, circulation and other methods. Since the yarn is in a loose and tension-free state, the dye can penetrate more fully into the fiber interior.
3. Beam Dyein
Beam dyeing is a process used in the production of yarn-dyed fabrics, which is suitable for the production of fabrics that require warp yarn pre-dyeing, such as yarn-dyed fabrics, denim and high-grade shirt fabrics.
Process Principle:
First, the raw yarn is wound onto a large perforated beam on a loose warping machine to form a "loose beam". Then the beam is installed on the cylinder of the dyeing machine and put into a high-temperature and high-pressure dyeing vat. Under the action of the main pump, the dye liquor circulates and penetrates from the inside to the outside of the beam, so that the entire width of warp yarn is evenly dyed. The dyed beam can be directly used for weaving without re-warping.
Special Effect Dyeing:
To meet the needs of fashion design and personalization, the industry has developed a variety of special dyeing processes to endow yarn with unique visual and tactile effects. Space Dyeing: Spread the hank yarn flat, drop different colors of dye at different positions, make the dye penetrate through vacuum adsorption or extrusion, and then complete through fixation and water washing. It can control the length and spacing of color segments to achieve the effect of one color per segment or multi-color alternation. It has rich color layers and strong visual impact, and is mostly used in products such as knitted sweaters, sweaters, scarves and fancy yarns.Ombré Dyeing: By controlling the immersion time of the yarn in the dye liquor or the concentration gradient of the dye liquor, the yarn presents a natural gradient color from light to dark (or from dark to light) from one end to the other, with no obvious boundary, soft color transition, full of sense of flow and high-grade feeling. It is often used in fashion, home textile decoration, embroidery thread and other products.Tie-Dyeing: Use ropes, plastic films, etc. to tightly bind or wrap parts of the hank yarn, then dye it. The bound areas are left white because the dye liquor cannot penetrate, the unbound areas are evenly dyed, and the edges of the binding form a gradient effect from dark to light. The pattern is unique, and each product has an irreproducible artistic sense. It is mostly used in casual clothing, home decoration, hand-made products and other products.Heather Dyeing: Mix black and white or different colors of fibers in proportion to spin yarn, then dye the whole yarn. Using the difference in dye adsorption of different fibers, a natural and hazy mixed color effect is formed. The color is soft and low-key, with high-grade visual texture, and it is not easy to show dirt. It is suitable for daily-wear products such as knitted sweaters and T-shirts. Different shades and tones of heather effect can be achieved by adjusting the fiber mixing ratio and dyeing process.
Conclusion
Different dyeing methods have their own core advantages, and package yarn dyeing is the most widely used method in the industry.Various special effect dyeing processes have broken the singularity of traditional dyeing, met the diversified needs of fashion, and it is hoped that the future dyeing processes will iterate and upgrade towards a more environmentally friendly and efficient direction.